Press release.

Το άρθρο Thursday, October 08 2026 εμφανίστηκε πρώτα στο Κέντρο Προγραμματισμού και Οικονομικών Ερευνών.

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Το άρθρο October 07, 2026 εμφανίστηκε πρώτα στο Κέντρο Προγραμματισμού και Οικονομικών Ερευνών.

This study highlights many important aspects of the interaction between the tourism sector and the Greek economy and sets out its various effects at both the economic and the social level. Tourism in Greece has grown rapidly over the past decade, with travel receipts and arrivals repeatedly reaching new all-time highs. This momentum has clearly delivered direct benefits to the country’s economy, but it has also brought about structural changes in the landscape of the tourism industry.

Over the past decade, then, a substantial change can be observed in the structure of tourism businesses, particularly during the economic crisis. The number of tourism enterprises fell, while at the same time the number of people employed in them rose. The tourism sector in particular shows rising employment among young people and women, which creates job opportunities for groups that have traditionally had limited access to the labour market. Even so, pay in these branches is often low and the work precarious, with many people employed under flexible forms of employment.

Average expenditure per trip in Greece has declined significantly in recent years. This is directly linked to the shortening of tourists’ length of stay, as visitors tend to cut down the time they spend in order to limit their costs. The trend is a cause for concern, since falling tourism expenditure may have a negative effect on the tourism economy in the long run, especially if it persists.

One of the most important issues the study brings to light, however, is the inability of the Greek tourism system to measure accurately the contribution of tourism to the economy. The lack of adequate statistical data and the absence of an institutional framework to support the measurement of tourism’s economic contribution remain serious problems. This shortage of data makes it difficult for the academic and scientific community, as well as for the authorities responsible for decision-making in the tourism sector, to form a clear picture of the situation.

The supply-side approach to tourism — that is, treating tourism as a set of branches and products — appears to be at odds with the international classifications of products and activities, since it does not provide a full picture of the economic impact of the phenomenon. This is mainly because the “touristic” nature of a product does not depend on the product itself but on the consumer, who ceases to act as a tourist once they return from their trip. By contrast the demand-side approach — viewing tourism as the consumption of a range of products that supplements the consumption of the destination’s permanent residents — offers a more complete picture of the output generated by tourism and of its effects at the macroeconomic level.

To address this problem, Tourism Satellite Accounts (TSAs) are presented as a valuable tool. They constitute an extension of the National Accounts that allows the direct and indirect effects of tourism on output, value added, investment and employment to be measured reliably. Although several European countries have adopted this tool, Greece still lags behind in this respect, which limits any accurate understanding of tourism’s real contribution to the economy.

Drawing on the available data and using statistical methods, the study estimates that Tourism Direct Gross Domestic Product (TDGDP) rose steadily over the period 2010–2019. In 2020, owing to the pandemic, the ratio of TDGDP to GDP fell dramatically to 1.9%, but recovered slightly in 2021. As regards employment in tourism, a significant increase in the number of people working in the sector is observed, with total employment doubling between 2011 and 2019.

Tourism’s contribution to the Greek economy is not confined to employment and GDP, however. The study shows that tourism has other effects as well, such as an increase in imports and in CO2 emissions. Compared with other branches of the economy, though, tourism has relatively low negative environmental impacts, which makes it well suited to demand-side policies aimed at economic recovery over short time horizons. Focusing on receipts from international tourism, we found that the total effect (direct and indirect) of tourism on the country’s GDP comes to approximately 11%, while for employment it reaches 13%.

With regard to the formulation of long-term structural policies, tourism appears to make only a limited contribution to raising labour productivity. Consequently, although tourism matters for economic growth in the short term, it cannot serve as the main lever of a long-term development policy. The study stresses the need for further investigation of the inter-sectoral linkages between the tourism sector and other branches of the Greek economy, in order to gain a better understanding of its developmental role.

One area in which tourism appears to interact significantly is the agri-food sector. The development of integrated value chains between the primary sector and tourism can strengthen the diffusion of growth and create synergies that foster the resilience of the economy. Greater interaction between these two sectors can also improve the quality of the goods produced and increase their total value added.

A further important issue examined is the dependence of domestic tourism activity on inputs of intermediate and final goods and services from abroad. This creates a need for policies that will strengthen domestically produced value added in tourism. Such policies can reinforce the links between tourism and other branches of the economy and contribute to sustainable tourism development.

Το άρθρο NO. 89. THE CONTRIBUTION OF TOURISM TO THE GREEK ECONOMY (IN GREEK) εμφανίστηκε πρώτα στο Κέντρο Προγραμματισμού και Οικονομικών Ερευνών.

The efficiency of the judicial system is one of the main institutional determinants of a country’s economic performance. The implementation of appropriate structural reforms to improve the functioning of the judicial system can have significant positive effects on economic growth, particularly in countries where these reforms translate into substantial improvements in key measurable indicators of judicial efficiency.

The current issue of the Reforms Observatory Bulletin examines the key dimensions and initial results of the extensive reform of the Greek judicial system, drawing on recently available data, information and performance indicators. As the analysis shows, the multifaceted set of measures being implemented in Greece is promoting a more balanced relationship between the supply of and demand for justice, strengthening the courts’ effectiveness in resolving cases and helping to relieve the courts of cases that can be resolved out of court. These measures, centred on the establishment of the Judicial Map, have already yielded tangible and significant results reflected in the progress in terms of key judicial efficiency indicators, whilst a further significant improvement in these indicators can be expected as the measures mature and are fully implemented.

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Το άρθρο KEPE REFORMS OBSERVATORY BULLETIN No 1/2026: JUDICAL SYSTEM REFORMS εμφανίστηκε πρώτα στο Κέντρο Προγραμματισμού και Οικονομικών Ερευνών.

Read here the press release.

Το άρθρο October 01, 2026 εμφανίστηκε πρώτα στο Κέντρο Προγραμματισμού και Οικονομικών Ερευνών.

Το άρθρο September 14, 2026 εμφανίστηκε πρώτα στο Κέντρο Προγραμματισμού και Οικονομικών Ερευνών.

At the start of the meeting, the KEPE administration expressed its sincere condolences and deepest solidarity to the people of Nepal following the recent devastating natural disasters. During the meeting, the two institutions were presented and views were exchanged on possible avenues for academic and institutional cooperation, with the broader aim of strengthening relations between Greece and Nepal

Το άρθρο September 01, 2026 εμφανίστηκε πρώτα στο Κέντρο Προγραμματισμού και Οικονομικών Ερευνών.

Το άρθρο July 3, 2026 εμφανίστηκε πρώτα στο Κέντρο Προγραμματισμού και Οικονομικών Ερευνών.

Editorial

1. Recent economic developments

1.1. Cyclical phases of economic activity and Economic Uncertainty Indicators,
Ekaterini Tsouma, p. 4-12

1.2. The main demand components for the year 2025,
Yannis Panagopoulos, Konstantinos Loizos, p. 13-18

1.3. Developments in inflation in Greece and the Euro area,
Aimilia Marsellou, p. 19-23

1.4. Factor model forecasts for the short-term prospects in GDP,
Macroeconomics Forecasting Unit, Ersi Athanassiou, Aristotelis Koutroulis, Emilia Marsellou, Theodore Tsekeris, p. 24-25

1.5. Recent developments and prospects of the global economic activity: Destabilization of the global economy amid a major disruption in international energy markets,
Aristotelis Koutroulis, p. 26-30

2. Fiscal developments

2.1.The European Multiannual Financial Framework 2028-2034 and Greece,
Panagiotis E. Petrakis, Giorgos Vasilis, p. 31-39

3. Human resources and social policies

3.1. Recent developments in key labour market variables,
Ioannis Cholezas, p. 40-47

3.2. Subjective and objective poverty in Greece: Trends and the profile of economic vulnerability,
Athina Raftopoulou, p. 48-53

3.3. Mapping children’s happiness in Greece: Exploring the factors associated with children’s happiness,
Eirini Leriou, p. 54-58

4. Reforms-Economic development

4.1. External trade of agri-food products,
Athanasios Chymis, p. 59-62

Special topics

Life satisfaction and emotions: Trends for the period 2019-2025,
Panagiotis Petrakis, Fotini Economou, Eleftheria Syriopoulou, Konstantina Papaioannou, p. 63-77

Το άρθρο Issue No 60 – June 2026 εμφανίστηκε πρώτα στο Κέντρο Προγραμματισμού και Οικονομικών Ερευνών.

ΚΕPE issues its 166th Discussion Paper entitled “Examining the impact of large-scale transport infrastructure projects on job accessibility in Crete, Greece” by Stefanos Tsigdinos and Theodore Tsekeris.

Το άρθρο Friday, 17 July 2026 εμφανίστηκε πρώτα στο Κέντρο Προγραμματισμού και Οικονομικών Ερευνών.